ODAM A'ZOLARINING ONTO- FILOGENEZI

Abstract

    Mazkur ilmiy ishda odam a’zolarining ontogenez jarayonida shakllanishi, rivojlanish bosqichlari va bu jarayonga ta’sir etuvchi ichki hamda tashqi omillar haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Ontogenez — bu organizmning urug‘lanishdan boshlab o‘limgacha bo‘lgan individual rivojlanish davridir. Ayniqsa embrional rivojlanish davrida sodir bo‘ladigan hujayra bo‘linishi, differensiasiya, morfogenez va organogenez jarayonlari tirik organizmning shakllanishi uchun asosiy poydevor hisoblanadi. Odam a’zolari turli embrional qatlamlardan hosil bo‘lib, har bir organ o‘ziga xos genetik dastur asosida rivojlanadi. Ektoderma, mezoderma va endoderma qatlamlaridan miya, yurak, jigar, tayanch-harakat tizimi, nafas va hazm organlari shakllanadi. Shuningdek, ontogenez jarayonida organlarning to‘liq shakllanishi nafaqat irsiyatga, balki tashqi omillarga — ekologik muhit, onaning fiziologik holati, oziqlanish darajasi va turmush tarziga ham bevosita bog‘liqdir.Tezisda shuningdek, yurak, miya va tayanch-harakat tizimining rivojlanish bosqichlari tahlil qilingan. Yurak uchinchi haftada hosil bo‘lib, beshinchi haftada to‘rt bo‘lmali tuzilishga ega bo‘ladi; miya esa neyron hujayralar differensiasiyasi orqali shakllanadi. Ushbu jarayonlar inson fiziologiyasining to‘liq ishlashi va sog‘lom rivojlanishida muhim rol o‘ynaydi.Odam a’zolarining ontoflogenezi haqidagi bilimlar tibbiyot, biologiya, genetika, embriologiya va antropologiya fanlarida nazariy hamda amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, inson organizmining rivojlanish mexanizmlarini chuqur anglashga, tug‘ma nuqsonlarning oldini olishga va sog‘lom avlodni shakllantirishga xizmat qiladi.

      This scientific paper discusses the development of human organs during ontogenesis, their stages of formation, and the internal and external factors influencing this process. Ontogenesis is defined as the individual development of an organism from fertilization to death. During the embryonic period, essential biological processes such as cell division, differentiation, morphogenesis, and organogenesis take place, laying the foundation for the structural and functional organization of the human body.Human organs originate from different embryonic layers, and each organ develops according to its own genetic program. The three primary germ layers — ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm — give rise to various organs and tissues of the human body: the nervous system, skin, bones, muscles, heart, lungs, digestive system, and others. The complete formation and maturation of these organs depend not only on genetic inheritance but also on external factors such as the ecological environment, maternal health, nutrition, and lifestyle.The paper also analyzes the developmental stages of major human organs, including the heart, brain, and musculoskeletal system. The heart begins to form in the third week of embryonic life and becomes four-chambered by the fifth week, while the brain develops through differentiation of neuroblastic cells. These processes play a crucial role in ensuring the proper physiological functioning and survival of the human organism. Knowledge about human organ ontogenesis holds great theoretical and practical significance in medicine, biology, genetics, embryology, and anthropology. Understanding these developmental mechanisms helps prevent congenital disorders, supports healthy prenatal development, and contributes to the advancement of medical science and reproductive health.