TEMURIYLARNING YEVROPA MAMLAKATLARI BILAN ALOQALARI
Keywords:
Kalit so’zlar: Temur tuzuklari, Movarounnahr, harbiy faoliyat, davlat, boshqaruv, iqtisod, adolat, diplomatiya, siyosat, Usmonli turklar, Halab, Damashq, Kambalu,Iogan Shiltberger.Abstract
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Amir Temurning qonunchiligi, tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi, davlat va harbiy boshqaruvda tutgan siyosati hamda strategiyasi doirasidagi ayrim masalalar tahlil etilgan.Maqola fuqarolarimiz, ayniqsa yoshlarimizda buyuk bobokalonimizning deyarli butun Osiyo mintaqasida olib borgan siyosati, uning davlatni adolatli idora etish borasidagi mahoratidan o’rnak olgan holda, buyuk ajdodimiz shon-shuhratini ko’z o’ngimizda yana bir qadar yuksaltirishga xizmat qiladi.
References
1. 1 Atiya, Aziz Suryal (1938) [1938], The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages, Kraus, 256ff-bet, ISBN 9780527037000, 2016-05-13da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2022-05-21
2. ↑ Jump up to:2,0 2,1 2,2 Wood, Frances. The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia Frances Wood. University of California Press, 2002 — 136-bet. ISBN 9780520243408. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
3. ↑ Jump up to:3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Fisher, W. William Bayne; Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Lawrence. The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press, 1986-02-06 — 375–-bet. ISBN 978-0-521-20094-3. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
4. ↑ Jump up to:4,0 4,1 Sinor, Denis. Inner Asia by Denis Sinor. Psychology Press, 29 July 1997 — 190-bet. ISBN 9780700708963. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
5. ↑ Jump up to:5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Fischel, Walter Joseph. Ibn Khaldun in Egypt Walter F. Fischel, 1967 — 106-bet. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
6. ↑ Daniel, Elton L.; Mahdī, ʻalī Akbar. Culture and customs of Iran by Elton L. Daniel. Bloomsbury, 2006 — 25-bet. ISBN 9780313320538. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
7. ↑ Gifford, John. The history of France, from the earliest times, to the present important era, 1792 — 355-bet. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
8. ↑ González de Clavijo, Ruy; Estrada, Francisco López (1999), Embajada a Tamorlán, Volume 242 of Clásicos Castalia Series (ispancha), Editorial Castalia, 19-bet, ISBN 84-7039-831-8, 2020-08-11da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2022-05-21
9. ↑ Levathes, Louise (1994), When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433, Oxford University Press, 125–126, 220n-bet, ISBN 0-19-511207-5. Her source is Fletcher, Joseph F. (1968), „China and Central Asia, 1368–1884“, in Fairbank, John King (muh.), The Chinese world order: traditional China's foreign relations, Volume 32 of Harvard East Asian series, Harvard University Press, 211-bet, who in his turn cites a translation of the Persian text of Yongle's letter from a Samarkand ca. 1475 source
10. ↑ Levathes 1994, ss. 125–126, 220n. Her source is González de Clavijo, Ruy; Markham, Clements R. (translation and comments) (1859), Narrative of the embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6 (1859), 133–134-bet. (Levathes quotes a 1970 reprint, with the same pagination).
11. ↑ Jump up to:11,0 11,1 González de Clavijo & Markham 1859, ss. 172–174. During Clavijo's visit the capital of the Ming Empire was actually Nanjing, rather than Beijing (Cambalu).
12. ↑ Setton, Kenneth Meyer. A History of the Crusades, Volume VI: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe Kenneth M. Setton. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1990-06-15 — 262-bet. ISBN 9780299107444. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 21-may.
