ORAL DISEASES: GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTOSIS

Abstract

Oral health plays a fundamental role in general well-being, particularly in children and adolescents, where early oral diseases can significantly affect lifelong health outcomes. Among the most prevalent oral diseases are gingivitis and periodontosis. Gingivitis refers to the inflammation of the gingiva caused primarily by bacterial plaque accumulation. Its typical manifestations include redness, swelling, and bleeding during tooth brushing. If not treated promptly, gingivitis can progress into more severe conditions, such as periodontosis, which is characterized by destruction of the periodontal tissues, alveolar bone loss, and eventual tooth mobility. The etiology of both conditions is multifactorial, with poor oral hygiene, dietary habits, genetic predisposition, and systemic health playing key roles. While gingivitis is largely reversible with appropriate care, periodontosis often results in irreversible damage, making prevention essential. Recent studies highlight the importance of professional dental care, patient education, and regular monitoring as the most effective strategies for reducing disease prevalence. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and preventive measures of gingivitis and periodontosis. Additionally, it presents findings from a study conducted among school-aged children, demonstrating the strong correlation between oral hygiene practices and the development of these diseases. Ultimately, promoting preventive dentistry remains the cornerstone of oral health management.