NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impairs memory, cognition, and behavior. Central to the pathophysiology of AD is the degeneration of the hippocampus, a brain structure integral to learning and memory. This study explores the morphological and immunohistochemical alterations in the hippocampus of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Using post-mortem brain samples, we employed specific immunohistochemical markers to detect neuronal damage, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles. Morphometric analysis was performed to quantify neuronal density and lesion burden in various subregions of the hippocampus. The findings demonstrate significant neurodegeneration and structural abnormalities in AD-affected hippocampal tissues, supporting the clinical presentation of the disease and offering insight into potential therapeutic targets.