EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE PEACEFUL USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

Abstract

This article analyzes the evolution of international legal frameworks governing the peaceful use of nuclear energy, focusing on historical stages, key legal instruments, and the pivotal role of international organizations. Special attention is given to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), and other institutions involved in ensuring safety, non-proliferation, and technical cooperation. The study highlights the shift from non-proliferation to a broader agenda, encompassing safety, sustainable development, and cyber threats. The article also identifies ongoing challenges related to enforcement, technological progress, and the balance between state sovereignty and international oversight.