THE APPLICATION OF DATABASE MODELS

##article.abstract##

Database models are the foundational structures that define how data is stored, organized, and manipulated within a database system. Different database models, such as the hierarchical, network, relational, and NoSQL models, serve distinct purposes and are applied across various industries based on the nature of the data and specific system requirements. The hierarchical model is useful in applications with a strict parent-child relationship, while the relational model, with its tables and relationships, is the most widely used in business and enterprise systems. The network model offers more flexibility than the hierarchical model by allowing complex relationships, and the NoSQL model supports large-scale, unstructured, or semi-structured data, making it essential for big data and real-time applications. This article explores the practical applications of these database models, examining their strengths, limitations, and how they contribute to efficient data management in sectors such as finance, healthcare, e-commerce, and social media.