ADVANCEMENTS IN MODERN DENTISTRY: INNOVATIONS SHAPING 21ST-CENTURY ORAL CARE

Abstract

The 21st century has ushered in a transformative era for dentistry, driven by rapid advances in digital technologies, biomaterials, and regenerative science. This article reviews key innovations—digital workflows (intraoral scanning, CAD/CAM), additive manufacturing (3D printing), artificial intelligence for diagnosis and treatment planning, regenerative strategies using dental stem cells, and emerging robotic/guided systems—that together are redefining diagnosis, personalization, and minimally invasive care. Digital acquisition and CAD/CAM enable faster, more accurate prosthetic and restorative solutions while 3D printing offers cost-effective customization across prosthodontics, orthodontics, and surgical guides. Artificial intelligence augments radiographic interpretation, caries detection, and predictive analytics, improving efficiency and consistency. Regenerative approaches aim to restore pulp, periodontal tissues, and alveolar bone using stem cells and biomimetic scaffolds, pointing toward biologic rather than replacement therapies. Concurrently, robotics and guided-implant technologies are increasing precision in surgical procedures. The review summarizes recent evidence, highlights practical clinical impacts, and outlines current limitations—material constraints, regulatory hurdles, cost and training barriers—and suggests future directions for research and integration to maximize patient outcomes and access to high-quality oral care