ENSURING PUBLIC AND TERRITORIAL SAFETY UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS: INSTITUTIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND RISK-BASED APPROACHES

Abstract

This paper examines institutional, environmental, and socio-economic mechanisms aimed at ensuring public and territorial safety under conditions of natural and technological emergencies. It analyzes the regulatory framework, the distribution of governmental responsibilities, and the licensing of hazardous activities within modern risk governance systems. Particular attention is given to environmental standards and liability mechanisms that shape preventive policy instruments. The growing interdependence between anthropogenic pressures and natural hazards is emphasized as a critical factor of systemic vulnerability. The study proposes a hierarchical and multi-level safety model that integrates sustainability principles, environmental protection, and long-term resilience strategies.