ENZYMES USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

##article.authors##

  • Muminov Ilyosbek Oʻrinboy oʻgʻli ##default.groups.name.author##
  • Raximjonova Rayxona Axmadjon qizi ##default.groups.name.author##

##semicolon##

Keywords: Genetic engineering, enzymes, restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, polymerase, biotechnology.

##article.abstract##

Abstract:Genetic engineering is highly dependent on specific enzymes that facilitate DNA manipulation processes. These enzymes, including restriction endonucleases, ligases, polymerases, and reverse transcriptases, play a critical role in cutting, modifying, and amplifying genetic material. This article explores the functions of key enzymes used in genetic engineering and highlights their significance in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.

##submission.citations##

1. Sambrook, J., & Russell, D. W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

2. Jinek, M., et al. (2012). A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science, 337(6096), 816-821.

3. Watson, J. D., et al. (2013). Molecular Biology of the Gene. Pearson Education.

4. Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2014). Genome editing. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9. Science, 346(6213), 1258096.

5. Trower, M. K. (2021). Advances in enzyme engineering for biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 39(11), 1123–1135.

##submissions.published##

2025-06-21