RESEARCH BACKGROUND OF MOTIVATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING
Keywords:
Gardner and Lambert suggest that instrumental motivation is less effective because it is not deeply rooted in the learner's personality. The findings from Gardner and Lambert's research align with those of Brustal in many ways. Both studies acknowledge a positive correlation between measured learning outcomes and attitudes towards both the target group and the language (Stem, 1983: 285).Abstract
The exploration of motivation in the context of second language acquisition has been ongoing for several years. Dornyei (1990) identifies it as a significant research area following the comprehensive summary provided by Gardner and Lambert (1972) of over a decade's worth of research. Their theory, according to Dornyei, has sparked a vast amount of research, being the most extensive investigation into the influence of attitudes and motivation on second language learning. Their studies primarily focused on English-speaking learners of French in North America. Findings from these studies indicate that learners who possess a stronger integrative orientation are more likely to attain higher proficiency levels. Skehan Afr Educ (1989: 53) emphasizes that this is a particularly critical source of motivation, as it is deeply connected to the learner's personality.
