COMPULSORY LICENSING AS A TOOL FOR GLOBAL PUBLIC INTEREST: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND REFORM

Authors

  • Makhmudov Nizomiddin Olimjon ugli Author

Keywords:

Compulsory Licensing; TRIPS Agreement; Doha Declaration; Intellectual Property; Public Health; Access to Medicines; Sustainable Development; Innovation Equity; Green Technologies; Digital Access; Food Security; WTO; WIPO.

Abstract

This paper explores the evolving role of compulsory licensing (CL) as a critical 
legal and policy tool for reconciling intellectual property rights with the broader public 
interest in the 21st century. While the TRIPS Agreement and the Doha Declaration 
provide member states with considerable flexibility to issue CLs in situations of 
national emergency and public need, practical obstacles—including procedural 
complexity, vague legal definitions, and geopolitical pressures—continue to limit its 
application. Drawing on historical development, international legal frameworks, and 
recent case studies, this study examines the potential of CL not only in the context of 
public health, but also in addressing global challenges such as climate change, digital 
inequality, and food insecurity. The conclusion outlines specific legal, institutional, 
and policy reforms at national and international levels aimed at making CL more 
effective, equitable, and responsive to emerging societal needs. By reframing CL as a 
mechanism of innovation equity, the paper argues for a renewed commitment to 
cooperative global governance in the management and dissemination of patented 
knowledge. 

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Published

2025-07-05

How to Cite

COMPULSORY LICENSING AS A TOOL FOR GLOBAL PUBLIC INTEREST: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND REFORM . (2025). ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 72(3), 322-339. https://scientific-jl.com/obr/article/view/24287