O‘RTA OSIYO XONLIKLARIDA O‘TKAZILGAN HARBIY ISLOHOTLAR

Abstract

ANNOTATSIYA Ushbu maqolada XVII–XIX asrlarda O‘rta Osiyoda mavjud bo‘lgan Buxoro, Qo‘qon va Xiva xonliklarining harbiy tuzilmalari va ularning islohoti jarayonlari tarixiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilingan. Harbiy islohotlarning amalga oshirilishiga sabab bo‘lgan ichki va tashqi omillar, xususan, qabilaaro nizolar, markaziy hokimiyatning zaifligi va Rossiya imperiyasi bosqiniga tayyorgarlik masalalari chuqur o‘rganilgan. Har bir xonlikda harbiy islohotlar o‘ziga xos yo‘nalishlarda olib borilgan bo‘lsa-da, ularning aksariyati tizimli strategiyaga ega bo‘lmagani sababli kutilgan natijani bermagan. Maqolada ushbu islohotlarning kuchli va zaif tomonlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinib, ularning tarixiy ahamiyati va bugungi harbiy-strategik tafakkurdagi o‘rni ham yoritilgan.

Annotation. This article analyzes the military structures and reform processes of the Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand khanates in Central Asia during the 17th to 19th centuries, based on historical sources. It examines the internal and external factors that necessitated military reforms, such as tribal conflicts, the weakening of central authority, and the growing threat of Russian imperial expansion. While each khanate pursued reforms in distinct ways, most efforts lacked systematic strategy and thus failed to achieve lasting outcomes. The article provides a comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these reforms and discusses their historical significance as well as their relevance to contemporary military and strategic thought.