EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CKD IN COPD PATIENTS
Keywords:
chronic kidney diseases, COPD, diagnosisAbstract
It has now been proven that smoking has an adverse effect on various metabolic processes, causing an increase in the level of free fatty acids, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), glucose and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which initiates atherogenesis and, as a consequence, leads to deterioration in renal perfusion [11]. Smoking causes the progression of CKD,
inducing glomerular endothelial dysfunction, provoking the occurrence and progression of albuminuria. The results of numerous studies indicate that smoking is a proven risk factor for a decrease in SCF and the development of AU.
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