THE IMPACT OF SLEEP ON COGNITIVE BRAIN FUNCTIONS

Karimova Khusniya Sherzodbek qizi; Aysacheva Maftunabonu Oybekovna

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Karimova Khusniya Sherzodbek qizi ##default.groups.name.author##
Aysacheva Maftunabonu Oybekovna ##default.groups.name.author##

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Sleep is divided into two main phases: REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement) - characterized by brain activity similar to wakefulness. This is the phase in which dreams occur, emotional processing takes place, and memory consolidation happens. NREM sleep (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) - includes stages from light to deep sleep. During this phase, the body recovers, toxins are cleared from the brain, and neural connections are strengthened. A full sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes and is repeated 4–6 times per night. Each sleep phase performs a unique function in maintaining cognitive balance.

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Sleep is not a passive state but an active physiological process that plays a decisive
role in maintaining cognitive health. This article examines sleep phases,
neurophysiological mechanisms, and the influence of sleep on attention, memory,
learning, and decision-making. Special attention is given to the consequences of
chronic sleep deprivation and sleep disorders. Neuroscientific data are presented,
emphasizing the need for quality sleep to ensure effective mental performance.
Keywords: sleep, cognitive functions, memory, attention, brain, sleep stages, sleep
deprivation, neuroplasticity.