HEARING LOSS AS AN INDICATOR OF CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS: MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
Keywords:
Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss, carotid artery stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, oxidative stress, cochlear ischemia, vascular biomarkersAbstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an underrecognized contributor to sensorineural
hearing loss (SNHL). The underlying vascular mechanisms and implications for stroke
risk require further exploration.
Objective:To summarize the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnostic tools, and
treatment options for CAS-related SNHL.
Methods:A review of current literature, including epidemiological data,
vascular pathophysiology, imaging modalities, biomarkers, and emerging therapies.
Results:Approximately 10–30% of CAS patients experience SNHL before
major cerebrovascular events. Inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and
endothelial dysfunction contribute to cochlear ischemia. Advanced imaging
techniques, such as functional MRI and transcranial Doppler ultrasound, offer early
detection of vascular-induced hearing loss. Pharmacologic interventions (vasodilators,
antioxidants, statins) and cochlear implants may improve outcomes.
Conclusion:Hearing loss may serve as an early biomarker for carotid disease.
Routine audiometric screenings in high-risk populations could aid early intervention
and stroke prevention. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of vascular
interventions on hearing function.
References
References:
1. Curhan SG, Stankovic KM, Halpin CF, Wang M, Eavey RD, Curhan GC.
"Carotid artery disease and the risk of hearing loss: a prospective study." Stroke.
2022;53(4):1098-1105. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036789.
2. Chang Y, Lee H, Lee S, et al. "Association between atherosclerosis risk factors
and sensorineural hearing loss: a nationwide population-based study."
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;164(2):267-274.
doi:10.1177/0194599820958236.
3. Mujica-Mota M, Patel N, Saliba I. "Hearing loss as a predictor of silent
cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis." J Stroke
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(3):106238.
doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106238.
4. Bang OY, Saver JL, Kim SJ, et al. "Silent infarcts affecting the auditory pathway
in patients with cryptogenic stroke." Neurology. 2020;94(12):e1228-e1236.
doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009032.
5. Capaccio P, Pignataro L, Gaini LM. "Cochlear hypoxia: a new paradigm in age-
related hearing loss and vascular comorbidities." Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital.
2020;40(2):95-105. doi:10.14639/0392-100X-N0390.
6. Tian J, Yang X, Yu S, et al. "Endothelial dysfunction and cochlear
microcirculation impairment in age-related hearing loss." Front Aging Neurosci.
2021;13:690731. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.690731.
7. Frisina RD, Zhu X, Sen N, et al. "Oxidative stress and inflammation in hearing
loss: mechanisms and future therapeutic targets." Front Aging Neurosci.
2022;14:897211. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.897211.
8. Erdogan H, Yazıcı A, Gürbüzler L, et al. "Inflammatory markers and their
correlation with sensorineural hearing loss." Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2019;276(7):1969-1974. doi:10.1007/s00405-019-05458-1.
9. Homocysteine and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: New Evidence. J Neurol Sci.
2022;432:120063. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.120063.
10. Zhang Y, Du X, Guo H, et al. "Functional MRI of auditory processing in patients
with chronic cerebrovascular disease: insights into hearing loss mechanisms."
Brain Res. 2021;1767:147591. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147591.
11. Naqvi J, Yap KH, Ahmad G, Ghosh J. "Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a
review of the physical principles and major applications in vascular assessment."
Int J Vasc Med. 2013;2013:629378. doi:10.1155/2013/629378.
12. Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Simpson JA, et al. "Retinal vascular changes and the
risk of sensorineural hearing loss: findings from an Australian population study."
Ophthalmology. 2016;123(9):1976-1982. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.014.
13. Dogan M, Uslu C, Karabulut H, et al. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes
in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss." J Audiol Otol. 2021;25(1):22-
28. doi:10.7874/jao.2020.00379.
14. Lin FR, Maas P, Brenowitz WD, et al. "Hearing loss and risk of stroke in older
adults: a population-based study." JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2021;147(5):433-441. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0100.
15. Tomić T, Đurić M, Kostić B, et al. "Association of subclinical atherosclerosis
with sudden sensorineural hearing loss." Atherosclerosis. 2022;355:77-85.
doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.005.
16. Huang C, Wang C, Lee H, et al. "Microembolic events and sudden hearing loss:
a review of vascular mechanisms." Stroke Res Treat. 2020;2020:8473641.
doi:10.1155/2020/8473641.
17. Garcia FP, Vallejo F, Ramos J, et al. "The role of vasodilators in the treatment
of vascular-related sensorineural hearing loss." Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(8):e1030-
e1037. doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002368.
18. Seidman MD, Khan MJ. "Antioxidant therapy in aging and noise-induced
hearing loss: mechanistic insights and clinical applications." Otolaryngol Clin
North Am. 2021;54(3):537-554. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2021.01.007.
19. Brouns R, Wauters A, De Surgeloose D, et al. "Effect of statins and antiplatelets
on hearing loss progression in patients with carotid atherosclerosis." Neurology.
2022;98(9):e879-e889. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013201.
20. Rameh C, Lavinsky L, Laplante-Levesque A. "Cochlear implantation outcomes
in patients with vascular-related hearing loss: a systematic review." Ear Hear.
2022;43(4):1021-1032. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000011326.
21. Shodmonkulova Gulrukh Rustam kizi. (2024). HEARING IMPAIRMENT DUE
TO STENOSIS OF CAROTID ARTERY. [7(9)6-
10]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13844657
22. Shodmonkulova G.R “Correlation between stenosis of carotid artery and hearing.”
World Bulletin of Public Health (WBPH) 2024,38 .85-87
