RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), commonly called "canker
sores," is a perplexing oral condition characterized by the recurrent development of
painful aphthous ulcers on non-keratinized oral mucous membranes. This condition
poses a significant challenge to patients and healthcare professionals due to its
uncertain etiology. Patients often report a family history of RAS, suggesting a genetic
predisposition. Factors such as local trauma, stress, smoking cessation, anemia, and
hematinic deficiency have also been linked to the occurrence of RAS. Gastrointestinal
conditions like Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and malabsorption diseases,
including celiac disease, are associated with the development of oral aphthous ulcers.
RAS is a possible clinical manifestation of more severe conditions like Behçet's disease
or HIV infection, making early diagnosis and management critical.
References
REFERENCES
1. Sánchez-Bernal J, Conejero C, Conejero R. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Actas
Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2020 Jul-Aug;111(6):471-480. [PubMed]
2. Chiang CP, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wang YP, Wu YH, Wu YC, Sun A. Recurrent
aphthous stomatitis - Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic
deficiencies, and management. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019 Sep;118(9):1279-1289.
[PubMed]
3. Scully C, Porter S. Oral mucosal disease: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br J Oral
Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Apr;46(3):198-206. [PubMed]
4. Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. The diagnosis and management of recurrent
aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003
Feb;134(2):200-7. [PubMed]
5. Mimura MA, Hirota SK, Sugaya NN, Sanches JA, Migliari DA. Systemic treatment
in severe cases of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an open trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo).
2009;64(3):193-8. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
6. Savage NW, Seymour GJ, Kruger BJ. Expression of class I and class II major
histocompatibility complex antigens on epithelial cells in recurrent aphthous
stomatitis. J Oral Pathol. 1986 Apr;15(4):191-5. [PubMed]
7. Hasan A, Childerstone A, Pervin K, Shinnick T, Mizushima Y, Van der Zee R,
Vaughan R, Lehner T. Recognition of a unique peptide epitope of the mycobacterial
and human heat shock protein 65-60 antigen by T cells of patients with recurrent
oral ulcers. Clin Exp Immunol. 1995 Mar;99(3):392-7. [PMC free article]
[PubMed]
8. Shohat-Zabarski R, Kalderon S, Klein T, Weinberger A. Close association of HLA-
B51 in persons with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.
1992 Oct;74(4):455-8. [PubMed]
9. Bazrafshani MR, Hajeer AH, Ollier WE, Thornhill MH. Recurrent aphthous
stomatitis and gene polymorphisms for the inflammatory markers TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and the vitamin D receptor: no association detected. Oral Dis. 2002
Nov;8(6):303-7. [PubMed]
10. Mizuki N, Ohno S, Sato T, Ishihara M, Miyata S, Nakamura S, Naruse T, Mizuki
H, Tsuji K, Inoko H. Microsatellite polymorphism between the tumor necrosis
factor and HLA-B genes in Behçet's disease. Hum Immunol. 1995 Jun;43(2):129-
35. [PubMed]
11. Huling LB, Baccaglini L, Choquette L, Feinn RS, Lalla RV. Effect of stressful life
events on the onset and duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med.
2012 Feb;41(2):149-52. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
