DEVELOPING THE SKILLS OF 5TH–8TH GRADE STUDENTS IN UNDERSTANDING THE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH CONJUNCTIONS: METHODOLOGIES AND TEACHING CHALLENGES
Keywords:
Keywords: conjunctions, grammatical understanding, Uzbek-English comparison, comparative grammar, multilingual education, language teaching strategies, secondary students, cross-linguistic awareness.Abstract
This paper explores methodologies for enhancing the grammatical understanding of conjunctions in both Uzbek and English among students in grades 5 to 8. Emphasis is placed on comparative grammar instruction, contextual usage, and interactive teaching strategies to build cross-linguistic awareness. The study also identifies common challenges faced in English language lessons and offers pedagogical solutions for improving teaching outcomes in multilingual classrooms.
References
1. Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course (2nd ed.). Heinle & Heinle.
— A comprehensive guide on teaching grammar to second language learners, including practical strategies and explanations of grammatical functions such as conjunctions.
2. Chapelle, C. A. (2001). Computer Applications in Second Language Acquisition: Foundations for Teaching, Testing and Research. Cambridge University Press.
— Explores how digital tools can support grammar learning, including grammar games and interactive platforms.
3. Ellis, R. (2003). Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford University Press.
— Discusses the effectiveness of task-based instruction in language learning, relevant to your use of interactive and contextual activities.
4. Ellis, R. (2006). Current Issues in the Teaching of Grammar: An SLA Perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), 83–107.
— Highlights contemporary views on grammar instruction in second language acquisition.
5. Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. Longman.
— Foundational work discussing how conjunctions contribute to textual cohesion and coherence in English.
6. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics Across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers. University of Michigan Press.
— Introduces contrastive analysis, a key theory behind comparing Uzbek and English grammar.
7. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2003). Teaching Language: From Grammar to Grammaring. Heinle.
— Promotes a dynamic, usage-based view of grammar teaching that aligns well with your emphasis on contextual learning.
8. Nunan, D. (2004). Task-Based Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.
— Provides methods and examples for engaging students through tasks rather than rote grammar instruction.
9. Odlin, T. (1989). Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning. Cambridge University Press.
— Analyzes how learners' first language affects second language acquisition, highly relevant to Uzbek-English instruction.
10. Saidova, M. (2020). Challenges of Teaching English Grammar in Multilingual Classrooms in Uzbekistan. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 12(3), 189–194.
— Provides recent, localized insights into grammar teaching challenges specific to Uzbek classrooms.
11. Thornbury, S. (1999). How to Teach Grammar. Longman.
— Offers practical advice on grammar teaching techniques, including the teaching of conjunctions.
12. Tosheva, S. (2015). Contrastive Analysis of English and Uzbek Conjunctions in Language Learning. Uzbek Journal of Language Education, 7(2), 45–52.
— Specifically focuses on the grammatical differences in conjunction usage between English and Uzbek.