PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS: AN INTEGRATIVE OVERVIEW
Keywords:
Keywords: kidney, nephrology, renal physiology, renal failure, glomerular filtration, AKI, CKDAbstract
Abstract: The kidneys are essential for maintaining internal homeostasis
through their roles in filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and hormone production.
Disruption in kidney function leads to a wide range of systemic complications. This
review discusses the primary physiological functions of the kidneys and explores the
underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in common renal diseases such as acute
kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and glomerulonephritis.
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